Spleton primordial nucleosynthesis for a broad class of grand unified theory models, showing that such models provide a possible solution to the lithium problem, provided the value of the fine-structure constant at the nucleosynthesis epoch is larger than the current laboratory one by a few parts per million of relative variation. SpletIt started roughly 1 second after the Big Bang, after the majority of hadrons and anti-hadrons annihilated each other at the end of the hadron epoch. During the lepton epoch, …

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SpletTheory and observation. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis was incapable to produce heavier atomic nuclei such as those necessary to build human bodies or a planet like the earth. Instead, those nuclei were formed in the interior of stars. By the same token, the element abundances we see around us are not the “primordial abundances” right after Big ... SpletAbstract: The earliest epoch in the hot Universe which has been tested observationally is the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis epoch (BBN). As we will see, it begins at temperature of … beach mount maunganui

The Early Universe - Photon Epoch

SpletNucleosynthesis, from 3 minutes to 20 minutes: The temperature of the universe falls to the point (about a billion degrees) where atomic nuclei can begin to form as protons and neutrons combine through nuclear fusion … SpletThe details of both nucleosynthesis and recombination are heavily influenced by the fact that the reactions involved eventually become too slow to keep up with the expansion … SpletCosmological nucleosynthesis is traditionally used as a probe of the conditions of the early Universe at the nucleosynthesis epoch (T ˘ MeV). Concerning neutrino physics, the requirement for a concordance between the theoretically predicted and the extracted from observations primordial abundances of light elements, constrains neutrino charac- beach myanmar sunset